Building the ISS
What kept the International Space Station running for 25 years was organizational culture.
Bill Shepherd is a former NASA astronaut and U.S. Navy SEAL best known as the commander of Expedition 1, the first long-duration crew to live aboard the International Space Station. Over the course of his career, he worked at the intersection of military service, human spaceflight, and operational leadership, helping shape the early era of permanent human presence in orbit. His work is remembered for combining technical discipline, frontier risk, and the kind of steady command that serious institutions are built on.
What kept the International Space Station running for 25 years was organizational culture.